Energy use strategies and implications for fire risk amongst low-income households
Abstract
Despite near universal access to electricity in Cape Town, usage of informal electrical
connections and nonelectric energy sources remains high and pose significant fire risk to such
households. This research set out to examine the energy sources being utilised by low-income
households in Lwandle, Nomzamo and Asanda Village to understand the factors that influence
these energy use choices and what implications these energy choices have for fire risk. This
research utilised a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods including
focus group sessions with residents and a household survey to collect information on
household energy use strategies, perceptions of safety and accessibility of energy sources and
experiences of energy-related fires from residents residing in different types of dwellings. The
research observed that despite high access to electricity, household utilisation is constrained
by economic and physical factors. Consequently, they are forced to resort to employing an
energy stacking approach, alternating between electric and nonelectric energy sources, which
include usage of cheaper yet potentially hazardous energy sources such as paraffin (kerosene),
candles, firewood, coal and gas to meet their daily energy needs. A potential consequence of
this energy stacking approach employed by households to meet their energy needs is that the
majority of households continue to face the risk of a dwelling fire caused by nonelectric energy
sources. Whereas nonelectric energy sources were both perceived and experienced by residents
as the main cause of dwelling fires in the study site, electricity was found to contribute to a
number of dwelling fires, with a slight increase in the number of fires caused by electric sources
observed over the last few years.