Challenges and opportunities of the African Continental free trade area agreement for women and the youth

Abstract

This research explores the challenges and opportunities of the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement, for women and the youth, who are the driving force of Africa's trade, particularly in the informal sector. Using qualitative research and policy analysis based on primary and secondary sources, including AfCTA protocols, legislation and journal articles. The study explores the persistence of patriarchal structures, gender-based discrimination and infrastructure while also highlighting emerging opportunities for empowerment. Findings emphasise the need for dedicated AfCTA protocols that prioritise gender equality, education and inclusive governance supported by gender sensitive frameworks, focal points and institutional mechanisms to ensure representation in politics and decision making. Implementation requires not only political will but also active involvement of member states and alignment with regional economic communities to unlock equitable benefits and foster gender sensitive, sustainable development across Africa.